DisordersInformation and resources about mental health and psychology for consumers, professionals, students, family and supporters.http://www.mental-health-matters.com/disorders2012-04-22T11:58:17ZJoomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content ManagementIt Had To Happen This Way: A Memoir by Kay Kopit2011-10-29T15:42:27Z2011-10-29T15:42:27Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/disorders/addiction-disorders/3907-it-had-to-happen-this-way-a-memoir-by-kay-kopitKay Kopitkay@kaykopit.com<p><img src="http://www.mental-health-matters.com/images/articles/new-brown-text.jpg" border="0" width="150" align="left" style="margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px;" /></p> <p>A survivor writing from personal experience, Kay Kopit brings an authentic voice to co-dependency and addictions, healing from sexual assault, denial and guilt. What she develops in the pages of It Had To Happen This Way is how she talks honestly about the internal pain of sexual violence and the chaotic life of alcoholism. After reading this authentic narrative you will find the strength and courage needed to overcome those fears that are holding you back from having a healthy life.</p> <p>It Had To Happen This Way is more than a book about surviving emotional and spiritual devastation. It is about championing, defeating and reclaiming a life. This is an intimate, true story of courage, hope and healing. It Had To Happen This Way is a message of hope and inspires us to follow our own paths. Buy the e-book for yourself and loved ones at www.Amazon.com, www.BarnesandNoble.com, and www.KayKopit.com.</p> <p><img src="http://www.mental-health-matters.com/images/articles/new-brown-text.jpg" border="0" width="150" align="left" style="margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px;" /></p> <p>A survivor writing from personal experience, Kay Kopit brings an authentic voice to co-dependency and addictions, healing from sexual assault, denial and guilt. What she develops in the pages of It Had To Happen This Way is how she talks honestly about the internal pain of sexual violence and the chaotic life of alcoholism. After reading this authentic narrative you will find the strength and courage needed to overcome those fears that are holding you back from having a healthy life.</p> <p>It Had To Happen This Way is more than a book about surviving emotional and spiritual devastation. It is about championing, defeating and reclaiming a life. This is an intimate, true story of courage, hope and healing. It Had To Happen This Way is a message of hope and inspires us to follow our own paths. Buy the e-book for yourself and loved ones at www.Amazon.com, www.BarnesandNoble.com, and www.KayKopit.com.</p> Antisocial Behavior Disorder: The inside looking out.2011-10-20T19:16:58Z2011-10-20T19:16:58Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/disorders/personality-disorders/antisocial-personality/3797-antisocial-behavior-disorder-the-inside-looking-out{ga=wiccandreams}wiccandreams9999@yahoo.com<p>Antisocial personality disorder has been something of a mystery when it comes to knowing what is going on inside their heads. Many have wondered what they are thinking or feeling. Do they even feel empathy for others? Perhaps some are wondering if it is just a disorder of children and that they will simply grow out of it as they reach adulthood. I wanted to come out of the shadows to let others know a little more about this disorder; Not so much what is read in textbooks or from psychologists, but through the eyes of someone who suffers from this disorder.</p> <p>Antisocial personality disorder has been something of a mystery when it comes to knowing what is going on inside their heads. Many have wondered what they are thinking or feeling. Do they even feel empathy for others? Perhaps some are wondering if it is just a disorder of children and that they will simply grow out of it as they reach adulthood. I wanted to come out of the shadows to let others know a little more about this disorder; Not so much what is read in textbooks or from psychologists, but through the eyes of someone who suffers from this disorder.</p> Psychopathic Narcissists: The Uncanny Valley of Cold Empathy2011-08-22T14:23:31Z2011-08-22T14:23:31Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/narcissistic-personality-disorder/3104-psychopathic-narcissists-the-uncanny-valley-of-cold-empathy{ga=sam-vaknin}palma@unet.com.mk<p>Cold Empathy evokes the concept of “Uncanny Valley”, coined in 1970 by the Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori. Mori suggested that people react positively to androids (<a href="http://samvak.tripod.com/robot.html" target="_blank">humanlike robots</a>) for as long as they differ from real humans in meaningful and discernible ways. But the minute these contraptions come to resemble humans uncannily, though imperfectly, human observers tend to experience repulsion, revulsion, and other negative emotions, including fear. <p>Cold Empathy evokes the concept of “Uncanny Valley”, coined in 1970 by the Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori. Mori suggested that people react positively to androids (<a href="http://samvak.tripod.com/robot.html" target="_blank">humanlike robots</a>) for as long as they differ from real humans in meaningful and discernible ways. But the minute these contraptions come to resemble humans uncannily, though imperfectly, human observers tend to experience repulsion, revulsion, and other negative emotions, including fear. Narcissists and Hotel Maids: The Strauss-Kahn Affair and Beyond2011-08-01T15:20:22Z2011-08-01T15:20:22Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/narcissistic-personality-disorder/2891-narcissists-and-hotel-maids-the-strauss-kahn-affair-and-beyond{ga=sam-vaknin}palma@unet.com.mk<p>Dominique Staruss-Kahn, the scandal-ridden former head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is entitled to the presumption of innocence until proven guilty. But, if he did try to rape the hotel maid in New-York in May 2011, his behavior would conform to the type of misconduct common among malignant narcissists.</p> <p>Dominique Staruss-Kahn, the scandal-ridden former head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is entitled to the presumption of innocence until proven guilty. But, if he did try to rape the hotel maid in New-York in May 2011, his behavior would conform to the type of misconduct common among malignant narcissists.</p> A Brief Overview Of Trichotillomania2011-06-09T16:51:19Z2011-06-09T16:51:19Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/disorders/impulse-control-disorders/trichotillomania/2286-a-brief-overview-of-trichotillomaniaYazyazeedst@yahoo.com.sg<p />Trichotillomania refers to an irresistible urge, or compulsion to pull hair out of your scalp, <a href="http://www.obsessivecompulsions.com/pulling-out-eyelashes/" target="_blank" title="pulling out eyelashes">pulling out eyelashes</a>, eyebrows, or other, and more private areas of your body. This urge can range from mild and occasional, to constant and overwhelming. When severe, this disorder can be quite obvious and embarrassing, especially when it results in bald patches on the scalp or loss of eyebrows and/or eyelashes. <p />Trichotillomania refers to an irresistible urge, or compulsion to pull hair out of your scalp, <a href="http://www.obsessivecompulsions.com/pulling-out-eyelashes/" target="_blank" title="pulling out eyelashes">pulling out eyelashes</a>, eyebrows, or other, and more private areas of your body. This urge can range from mild and occasional, to constant and overwhelming. When severe, this disorder can be quite obvious and embarrassing, especially when it results in bald patches on the scalp or loss of eyebrows and/or eyelashes. A Quick Overview Of The Strange World Of OCD2011-06-08T18:40:53Z2011-06-08T18:40:53Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/ocd/2266-a-quick-overview-of-the-strange-world-of-ocdYazyazeedst@yahoo.com.sg<p> </p> <p>OCD or Obsessive compulsive disorder is a psychological disorder that could be based on ones behavior. The behavior commonly exhibited by patients with <a href="http://www.psychforums.com/obsessive-compulsive/" target="_blank">OCD</a>, is fear. The fear they feel is so extreme and illogical that it causes anxiety to the point that it makes it hard for the individual to function and think properly. As hopeless as they may feel, there are many treatments to choose from for this disorder but the most important action to take is know the symptoms and get help from a physician as soon as possible.</p> <p> </p> <p>OCD or Obsessive compulsive disorder is a psychological disorder that could be based on ones behavior. The behavior commonly exhibited by patients with <a href="http://www.psychforums.com/obsessive-compulsive/" target="_blank">OCD</a>, is fear. The fear they feel is so extreme and illogical that it causes anxiety to the point that it makes it hard for the individual to function and think properly. As hopeless as they may feel, there are many treatments to choose from for this disorder but the most important action to take is know the symptoms and get help from a physician as soon as possible.</p> Breakfast at Le Bateau Ivre2011-04-07T14:26:22Z2011-04-07T14:26:22Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/disorders/addiction-disorders/1816-breakfast-at-le-bateau-ivre{ga=kay-kopit}kay@kaykopit.com<p>Once a month I find myself gravitating toward the most unique Coffee House/Cafe in Berkeley, CA. I discovered this special place for dining about eight years ago from the recommendation of a friend. This restaurant has long been known for its delicious cuisine and comfortable ambience. I am drawn to this café for breakfast because of the calm, peace and beauty I feel when dining alone in the fireplace room. I don't know of any other restaurant like this in the Oakland/Berkeley area.</p> <p>Once a month I find myself gravitating toward the most unique Coffee House/Cafe in Berkeley, CA. I discovered this special place for dining about eight years ago from the recommendation of a friend. This restaurant has long been known for its delicious cuisine and comfortable ambience. I am drawn to this café for breakfast because of the calm, peace and beauty I feel when dining alone in the fireplace room. I don't know of any other restaurant like this in the Oakland/Berkeley area.</p> The Aging Narcissist2011-03-12T14:13:13Z2011-03-12T14:13:13Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/narcissistic-personality-disorder/1805-the-aging-narcissist{ga=sam-vaknin}palma@unet.com.mk<h3>Interview granted to Harmony (India)</h3> <p><strong>The first thing that occurs to me when thinking of aging is a gradual change in one’s physical structure that is apparent to others, and to oneself of course. Now what precisely do we mean by aging, or getting old or older, in terms of the mind or psyche? </strong></p> <h3>Interview granted to Harmony (India)</h3> <p><strong>The first thing that occurs to me when thinking of aging is a gradual change in one’s physical structure that is apparent to others, and to oneself of course. Now what precisely do we mean by aging, or getting old or older, in terms of the mind or psyche? </strong></p> The Film "Inception" and its Errors2011-03-12T14:10:19Z2011-03-12T14:10:19Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/disorders/sleep-disorders/sleep-terror/1804-the-film-qinceptionq-and-its-errors{ga=sam-vaknin}palma@unet.com.mk<p>In the film "Inception", Dom Cobb, is an "extractor": he steals confidential information by hacking into a subject's brain during a dream and conning the victim into disclosing his secrets. This intellectually-challenging and visually-captivating film makes a series of assumptions, none of which withstands close scrutiny:</p> <p>In the film "Inception", Dom Cobb, is an "extractor": he steals confidential information by hacking into a subject's brain during a dream and conning the victim into disclosing his secrets. This intellectually-challenging and visually-captivating film makes a series of assumptions, none of which withstands close scrutiny:</p> ADHD: Disorder or Difference?2010-12-22T20:05:54Z2010-12-22T20:05:54Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/adhd/1786-adhd-disorder-or-differenceDr. Robert Myersnso@legpub.com<p>The word "disorder" conjures up images of illness, disease and serious disabilities. All parents want to see their child as the smartest, most capable and best liked boy or girl on the block. So why would they want to have a label attached to them that often conveys just the opposite--such as slow learner, under-achiever or <a href="http://www.thetotaltransformation.com/attention-deficit-disorder.aspx" target="_blank">Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder</a>?</p> <p>The word "disorder" conjures up images of illness, disease and serious disabilities. All parents want to see their child as the smartest, most capable and best liked boy or girl on the block. So why would they want to have a label attached to them that often conveys just the opposite--such as slow learner, under-achiever or <a href="http://www.thetotaltransformation.com/attention-deficit-disorder.aspx" target="_blank">Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder</a>?</p> Types of Depression, Where Do They All End?2010-12-13T21:05:07Z2010-12-13T21:05:07Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/depression/1780-types-of-depression-where-do-they-all-endJay Wyshakjaywyshak@mental-health-matters.com<p><strong>Depression is complex. </strong>It can linger and grow for months or even years before being detected . Studies have shown that millions of Americans will suffer some form of depressive disorder this year. Unfortunately fewer than 1/3 of these people will look for help. Often the sufferers don't even know they're sick.</p> <p><strong>Depression is complex. </strong>It can linger and grow for months or even years before being detected . Studies have shown that millions of Americans will suffer some form of depressive disorder this year. Unfortunately fewer than 1/3 of these people will look for help. Often the sufferers don't even know they're sick.</p> Stop Your Depression Now2010-12-09T04:05:30Z2010-12-09T04:05:30Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/depression/1779-stop-your-depression-nowAlpha Yanaezinearticles@mental-health-matters.com<p>Ask these questions to yourself very quickly right now:</p> <p>Do you suffer from severe or occasional depression?</p> <p>Do you consider being your own worst enemy?</p> <p>But worst of all:</p> <p>Do you always live your life trying to fit other people's standards and not your own? <p>Ask these questions to yourself very quickly right now:</p> <p>Do you suffer from severe or occasional depression?</p> <p>Do you consider being your own worst enemy?</p> <p>But worst of all:</p> <p>Do you always live your life trying to fit other people's standards and not your own? The Psychology of Spree Shooters2010-11-26T11:21:31Z2010-11-26T11:21:31Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/disorders/personality-disorders/antisocial-personality/1770-the-psychology-of-spree-shooters{ga=sam-vaknin}palma@unet.com.mk<p>Most spree shooters are loners. They are either schizoid (with deficient interpersonal skills) or paranoid and even paranoid-schizophrenic (psychotic, delusional). Their dysfunction is all-pervasive: their family life, career, romantic relationships, professional and material accomplishments are all adversely affected by their mental mayhem. They feel excluded and shunned and are profoundly ashamed of and frustrated with their inadequacies and with their sadistic, self-destructive, suicidal, and self-defeating "inner judge" (inner, introjected "voices" or narrative). This frustration builds up and results in pent-up aggression which ultimately manifests as furious, uncontrollable rage. The typical spree shooter is in love with all things violent: guns, the military, police work, virulent racism, and crime.</p> <p>Most spree shooters are loners. They are either schizoid (with deficient interpersonal skills) or paranoid and even paranoid-schizophrenic (psychotic, delusional). Their dysfunction is all-pervasive: their family life, career, romantic relationships, professional and material accomplishments are all adversely affected by their mental mayhem. They feel excluded and shunned and are profoundly ashamed of and frustrated with their inadequacies and with their sadistic, self-destructive, suicidal, and self-defeating "inner judge" (inner, introjected "voices" or narrative). This frustration builds up and results in pent-up aggression which ultimately manifests as furious, uncontrollable rage. The typical spree shooter is in love with all things violent: guns, the military, police work, virulent racism, and crime.</p> Depression and Adrenal Exhaustion2010-11-08T23:25:09Z2010-11-08T23:25:09Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/depression/1761-depression-and-adrenal-exhaustionErnesto Fernandezezinearticles@mental-health-matters.com<p>Depression is not a new disease but there are still a lot that is unknown about the exact diagnosis and treatment of the disorder. Depression can be difficult to distinguish due to the various symptoms. Adrenal fatigue, reactive hypoglycemia and chronic fatigue syndrome are all very uncommon disorders that can cause depression. Most people have probably never heard of these disorders. Many physicians do not even understand their exact relationship to depression.</p> <p>Depression is not a new disease but there are still a lot that is unknown about the exact diagnosis and treatment of the disorder. Depression can be difficult to distinguish due to the various symptoms. Adrenal fatigue, reactive hypoglycemia and chronic fatigue syndrome are all very uncommon disorders that can cause depression. Most people have probably never heard of these disorders. Many physicians do not even understand their exact relationship to depression.</p> The Physical Toll of Depression2010-11-08T23:15:00Z2010-11-08T23:15:00Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/depression/1760-the-physical-toll-of-depressionAlpha Yanaezinearticles@mental-health-matters.com<p>Depression can leave you feeling alone, hopeless, and mostly hurt. Over the years the estimated count rose dramatically. Now it is estimated that 121 million people suffer from depression... that is a lot of people!</p> <p>Depression can leave you feeling alone, hopeless, and mostly hurt. Over the years the estimated count rose dramatically. Now it is estimated that 121 million people suffer from depression... that is a lot of people!</p> Childhood Depression and Anxiety: Time to Seek Professional Help2010-10-21T06:58:23Z2010-10-21T06:58:23Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/depression/1756-childhood-depression-and-anxiety-time-to-seek-professional-helpBeatrice Brownezinearticles@mental-health-matters.com<p>Childhood depression and anxiety are often overlooked. A widely held belief that children could not be depressed has recently been contradicted by the American Psychiatric Association. Depression and anxiety in childhood is usually focused on a single subject. This can cause much stress and disturbance in their lives.</p> <p>Childhood depression and anxiety are often overlooked. A widely held belief that children could not be depressed has recently been contradicted by the American Psychiatric Association. Depression and anxiety in childhood is usually focused on a single subject. This can cause much stress and disturbance in their lives.</p> How to Help a Loved One Overcome Depression and Begin Living Again2010-10-20T21:53:23Z2010-10-20T21:53:23Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/depression/1754-how-to-help-a-loved-one-overcome-depression-and-begin-living-againAlicia Armand N Robertsezinearticles@mental-health-matters.com<p><strong>However you choose - do not get started in trying antidepressant drugs to conquer your depression...</strong></p> <p>I have battled with depression symptoms for a pretty long time and tried out lots of totally different treatments along the way to get rid of my own psychological illness. I experienced most emotions of sadness, helplessness, and also hopelessness the majority of the time. I had been incredibly irritable and the emotions wouldn't go away.</p><p><strong>However you choose - do not get started in trying antidepressant drugs to conquer your depression...</strong></p> <p>I have battled with depression symptoms for a pretty long time and tried out lots of totally different treatments along the way to get rid of my own psychological illness. I experienced most emotions of sadness, helplessness, and also hopelessness the majority of the time. I had been incredibly irritable and the emotions wouldn't go away.</p>Depression Help is in Your Own Hands, Can You Grasp It?2010-10-19T19:30:38Z2010-10-19T19:30:38Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/depression/1752-depression-help-is-in-your-own-hands-can-you-grasp-itJay Wyshakjaywyshak@mental-health-matters.com<p><strong>Depression Help</strong> can seem like the relief of a lifetime. Nearly 15 million Americans each year are affected by a serious illness called depression. It's a proven illness. It's not a reflection on the personal attributes of the patient despite it being a mental illness. Depression can affect anyone. There's no logic to its onset. It can strike the rich or the poor. It takes no race into consideration. The fact that you are suffering from this disease does not mean that you are less a human being. Mental illness comes with stereotypes, ignore them. The suffering associated with this disease will only get worse without treatment. Pretending nothing is wrong won't chase away this problem. If a person doesn't seek medical attention, the disease becomes worse until it dominates their entire life.</p> <p><strong>Depression Help</strong> can seem like the relief of a lifetime. Nearly 15 million Americans each year are affected by a serious illness called depression. It's a proven illness. It's not a reflection on the personal attributes of the patient despite it being a mental illness. Depression can affect anyone. There's no logic to its onset. It can strike the rich or the poor. It takes no race into consideration. The fact that you are suffering from this disease does not mean that you are less a human being. Mental illness comes with stereotypes, ignore them. The suffering associated with this disease will only get worse without treatment. Pretending nothing is wrong won't chase away this problem. If a person doesn't seek medical attention, the disease becomes worse until it dominates their entire life.</p> Depression During and After Pregnancy: A Resource for Women, Their Families, and Friends2010-10-05T17:57:20Z2010-10-05T17:57:20Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/disorders/mood-disorders/postpartum-depression/1746-depression-during-and-after-pregnancy-a-resource-for-women-their-families-and-friends{ga=Health Resources and Services Administration}hrsa@mental-health-matters.com<h3>Introduction</h3> <p>For many mothers, the experience of pregnancy and childbirth is often followed by sadness, fear, anxiety, and difficulty making decisions. Many women have difficulty finding the energy to care for themselves, their infants, and their families. Some even have feelings about harming themselves and their children.</p> <h3>Introduction</h3> <p>For many mothers, the experience of pregnancy and childbirth is often followed by sadness, fear, anxiety, and difficulty making decisions. Many women have difficulty finding the energy to care for themselves, their infants, and their families. Some even have feelings about harming themselves and their children.</p> When Someone You Know Struggles With Fear, Anxiety and Stress2010-09-07T14:51:16Z2010-09-07T14:51:16Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/anxiety/1737-when-someone-you-know-struggles-with-fear-anxiety-and-stressStan Popovichsrp9@verizon.net<p> What do you do when someone you know has to deal with persistent fears, anxieties, or even depression? Well the first thing you need to do is to get the person to seek the services of a professional who can lead them in the right direction and give them the help they need. In addition, here are some other techniques you can use to help the person cope.</p><p> What do you do when someone you know has to deal with persistent fears, anxieties, or even depression? Well the first thing you need to do is to get the person to seek the services of a professional who can lead them in the right direction and give them the help they need. In addition, here are some other techniques you can use to help the person cope.</p>Never Lose Hope in Dealing With Your Fears and Anxieties2010-09-07T08:29:13Z2010-09-07T08:29:13Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/anxiety/1736-never-lose-hope-in-dealing-with-your-fears-and-anxietiesStan Popovichsrp9@verizon.net<p> When your fears and depression have the best of you, it is easy to feel that things will not get any better. This is not true. There is much help available in today’s society and the best way to deal with your fears is to find effective ways to overcome them. As a result, here are some techniques a person can use to help manage their fears and anxieties.</p><p> When your fears and depression have the best of you, it is easy to feel that things will not get any better. This is not true. There is much help available in today’s society and the best way to deal with your fears is to find effective ways to overcome them. As a result, here are some techniques a person can use to help manage their fears and anxieties.</p>Managing The Fear And Anxiety Of The Unknown2010-08-26T03:00:05Z2010-08-26T03:00:05Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/anxiety/1733-managing-the-fear-and-anxiety-of-the-unknownStan Popovichsrp9@verizon.net<p> All most everybody worries about what will happen in the future. The prospect of not knowing if something good or bad will happen to you in the near future can produce a lot of fear and anxiety. As a result, here is a list of techniques and suggestions on how to manage this fear of dealing with the unknown.</p><p> All most everybody worries about what will happen in the future. The prospect of not knowing if something good or bad will happen to you in the near future can produce a lot of fear and anxiety. As a result, here is a list of techniques and suggestions on how to manage this fear of dealing with the unknown.</p>A Review Of Techniques In Managing Depression2010-08-16T19:13:03Z2010-08-16T19:13:03Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/depression/1731-a-review-of-techniques-in-managing-depression{ga=Stan}srp9@verizon.net<p>Some people have a difficult time in managing their depression. Sometimes, their depression and fears can get the best of them. As a result, here is a short list of techniques that a person can use to help manage their depression.</p> <p>Some people have a difficult time in managing their depression. Sometimes, their depression and fears can get the best of them. As a result, here is a short list of techniques that a person can use to help manage their depression.</p> Anxiety and Depression2010-08-11T20:51:38Z2010-08-11T20:51:38Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/depression/1729-anxiety-and-depression{ga=margaret-paul-phd}margaret@innerbonding.com<p>Anxiety and depression run rampant in our society. There are many causes for anxiety and depression - physical, emotional and spiritual. Therefore, the symptoms need to be addressed on all these levels.</p> <p>Anxiety and depression run rampant in our society. There are many causes for anxiety and depression - physical, emotional and spiritual. Therefore, the symptoms need to be addressed on all these levels.</p> Depression and Self-Abandonment2010-08-11T20:43:32Z2010-08-11T20:43:32Zhttp://www.mental-health-matters.com/depression/1728-depression-and-self-abandonment{ga=margaret-paul-phd}margaret@innerbonding.com<p>Most feelings of depression is caused by some form of self-abandonment. The depression is your inner self's way of letting you know that you are abandoning yourself.</p> <p>Most people want to believe that their depression is being caused by the past, by other people, or by events, but these are not the cause of most depression.</p> <p>Most feelings of depression is caused by some form of self-abandonment. The depression is your inner self's way of letting you know that you are abandoning yourself.</p> <p>Most people want to believe that their depression is being caused by the past, by other people, or by events, but these are not the cause of most depression.</p>